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HCM

HCM is the most common heart muscle disease in cats. It can remain hidden for a long time, which is why echocardiography is an important tool in both breeding and health work.

Illustration of a Sacred Birman being examined at the vet
Illustration for the topic – not a photograph or a historical source.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) means that the heart muscle becomes thickened. This can affect the heart’s ability to relax and fill normally and, in some cases, lead to heart failure or blood clots.

Illustration of a Sacred Birman being examined at the vet
The heart can be silentHCM can be present without obvious signs. Knowledge, screening and awareness are therefore important tools.
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Why the disease can be difficult to detect

Illustration of a Sacred Birman being examined at the vet
AI-illustration

Many cats with early HCM appear completely normal. A heart murmur may raise suspicion, but the absence of a murmur does not rule out disease. The most important examination of the heart’s structure is echocardiography – an ultrasound scan of the heart – performed by a veterinarian with relevant experience.

Signs that require attention

AI illustration of owner on phone with Sacred Birman and carrier next to him
AI-illustration
Breathing
Rapid or labored breathing at rest.
Activity
Sudden drop in energy or stamina.
Collapse
Fainting or acute weakness requires prompt assessment.
Blood clot
Sudden pain and paralysis in the hind legs is acute.

HCM and breeding

Information with different roles
Explanatory graphics

HCM can have hereditary components, but there is no single DNA test that can clear a Sacred Birman of HCM. Phenotypic screening by echocardiography and open recording of results therefore remain important when trying to reduce risk in breeding.

Emergency: A cat that breathes with its mouth open, has obvious difficulty breathing, collapses, or suddenly loses the use of its hind legs should be seen by a veterinarian urgently.
Basis: The former HCM page of the Birmankredsen, updated and linguistically tightened. The page is general information and does not replace a veterinary assessment.